Russian opposition chief Alexey Navalny has died on Friday within the Arctic jail colony the place he was serving a 19-year-term, Russia’s federal penitentiary service stated.
Navalny misplaced consciousness after a stroll and couldn’t be revived by medics, the jail service defined.
Listed below are among the key occasions in his life:
August 20, 2020 – Navalny is hospitalised within the Siberian metropolis of Omsk after falling unwell and dropping consciousness whereas on a flight over Siberia. Navalny’s spokeswoman says he was poisoned, maybe by a cup of tea he drank previous to the takeoff from Tomsk’s Bogashevo airport, however Russian medical doctors treating him say they’ve discovered “no hint” in his blood or urine.
August 22, 2020 – Navalny is airlifted to Charite hospital in Germany’s capital, Berlin, for remedy. The Russian medical crew treating him had initially refused the transfer earlier than later releasing him. German medical doctors say their checks point out Navalny was poisoned.
September 2, 2020 – German officers say there may be “unequivocal proof” Navalny was poisoned with a Novichok nerve agent, a Soviet-era chemical weapon. Chancellor Angela Merkel says Navalny is a sufferer of tried homicide, including there are “critical questions that solely the Russian authorities can and should reply”. Worldwide requires an investigation into the incident mount.
September 3, 2020 – The Kremlin rejects claims, together with these made by Navalny’s crew, that Moscow was behind the poisoning.
September 4, 2020 – A Russian toxicologist says Navalny’s well being might have deteriorated due to weight-reduction plan, stress or fatigue, insisting no poison had been present in his physique.
September 7, 2020 – German medical doctors say Navalny is out of a synthetic coma.
September 11-13 – Russia holds native elections throughout which Navalny’s allies make positive factors in Siberian cities.
September 14, 2020 – Laboratories in France and Sweden affirm Germany’s findings that Navalny was poisoned with a Novichok nerve agent. French President Emmanuel Macron urges Putin to make clear the “tried homicide”, however the Russian chief solely strikes to condemn “unsubstantiated” accusations.
September 15, 2020 – Navalny posts a message on Instagram saying he is ready to breathe unaided, showing together with his spouse Yulia and two youngsters, sitting up in mattress wanting gaunt.
September 17, 2020 – Navalny’s aides say they’ve found traces of Novichok on a bottle taken from the lodge in Siberia the place he stayed earlier than falling unwell.
September 21, 2020 – Navalny says Western laboratories have discovered traces of Novichok in and on his physique and he calls for Moscow return his garments from the day he fell unwell.
September 22, 2020 – Navalny is discharged from hospital and medical doctors say a “full restoration is feasible”. The Kremlin says Navalny is welcome to return to Moscow, whereas his spokeswoman says Russia froze his property whereas he was in a coma.
October 1, 2020 – Navalny accuses Putin of being behind his poisoning, and says he is not going to give the Russian president the pleasure of being in exile. Putin’s spokesman Dmitry Peskov accuses Navalny of working for the CIA and calls his claims “groundless and unacceptable”.
December 14, 2020 – Citing flight information and cell phone geolocation knowledge, investigative web site Bellingcat and Russian media outlet The Insider publish outcomes of a joint investigation into Navalny’s alleged poisoning. In cooperation with Der Spiegel and CNN, and endorsed by Navalny, they declare to have recognized a crew of assassins from Russia’s FSB safety service who’ve stalked him for years. It names intelligence officers and poison laboratories it says had been behind the operation.
December 21, 2020 – Navalny releases a recording of him showing to trick an FSB agent into confessing that he tried to kill him by placing poison in his underpants. The FSB denounces the video clip of the telephone name as “faux”.
December 28, 2020 – Russia’s jail service offers Navalny a last-minute ultimatum, telling him to fly again from Germany directly and report at a Moscow workplace the next morning. The jail service warns Navalny he will likely be jailed if he returns after the deadline. Navalny’s spokeswoman says it’s unattainable for him to return in time, including that he’s nonetheless convalescing after his poisoning, and accuses the jail service of appearing on orders from the Kremlin.
January 12, 2021 – Court docket paperwork reveal a Russian choose has been requested to jail Navalny in absentia for, amongst different infractions, having allegedly damaged the phrases of a suspended sentence he had been serving.
January 13, 2021 – Navalny posts a video on Instagram saying plans to return house to Russia. “It was by no means a query of whether or not to return or not. Just because I by no means left. I ended up in Germany after arriving in an intensive care unit for one purpose: they tried to kill me,” he says.
January 17, 2021 – Navalny flies house to Russia from Germany. He’s detained shortly after touchdown at Moscow’s Sheremetyevo airport. The arrest provokes condemnation from a number of European and world powers and a refrain of requires his fast launch.
January 18, 2021 – A Russian choose remands Navalny in pre-trial detention for 30 days for violating the phrases of his suspended jail sentence at a rapidly organized court docket listening to in a police station on the outskirts of Moscow. Navalny urges Russians to take to the streets in protest within the wake of the choice. “Don’t be afraid, take to the streets. Don’t exit for me, exit for your self and your future,” he stated in a video revealed on social media.
February 2, 2021 – A Moscow court docket orders Navalny to serve 2 and half years in jail for his parole violation. Whereas in jail, Navalny phases a three-week starvation strike to protest a scarcity of medical remedy and sleep deprivation.
June 9, 2021 – A Moscow court docket outlaws Navalny’s Basis for Preventing Corruption and about 40 regional workplaces as extremist, shutting down his political community. Shut associates and crew members face prosecution and depart Russia below stress. Navalny maintains contact together with his legal professionals and crew from jail, they usually replace his social media accounts.
February 24, 2022 – Russia invades Ukraine. Navalny condemns the warfare in social media posts from jail and through his court docket appearances.
March 22, 2022 – Navalny is sentenced to an extra nine-year time period for embezzlement and contempt of court docket in a case his supporters rejected as fabricated. He’s transferred to a maximum-security jail in Russia’s western Vladimir area.
July 11, 2022 – Navalny’s crew declares the relaunch of the Anti-Corruption Basis as a world organisation with an advisory board. Navalny continues to file lawsuits in jail and tries to kind a labor union within the facility. In response, penitentiary officers begin often putting him in solitary confinement over purported disciplinary violations comparable to failing to correctly button his garment or to clean his face at a specified time.
January 11, 2023 – Over 400 Russian medical doctors signal an open letter to Putin, urging an finish to what it calls abuse of Navalny, following studies that he was denied primary remedy after getting the flu. His crew expresses concern about his well being, saying in April he had acute abdomen ache and suspected he was being slowly poisoned.
March 12, 2023 – “Navalny,” a movie in regards to the try on the opposition chief’s life, wins the Oscar for finest documentary function.
April 26, 2023 – Showing on a videolink from jail throughout a listening to, Navalny says he was going through new extremism and terrorism expenses that would preserve him behind bars for the remainder of his life. He provides sardonically that the costs indicate that “I’m conducting terror assaults whereas sitting in jail.”
June 19, 2023 – The trial begins in a make-shift courtroom within the Penal Colony No. 6 the place Navalny is being held. Quickly after it begins, the choose closes the trial for the general public and the media regardless of Navalny’s demand to maintain it open.
July 20, 2023 – The prosecution in its closing arguments asks the court docket to condemn Navalny to twenty years in jail, the politician’s crew studies. Navalny says in a subsequent assertion that he expects his sentence to be “enormous … a Stalinist time period,” referring to the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin.
December 11, 2023 – Navalny’s whereabouts are unknown as officers on the penal colony the place he’s serving his sentence inform one in every of his legal professionals that he’s not on the inmate roster, his spokeswoman says.
December 15, 2023 – Allies of imprisoned Navalny say his lawyer is advised in court docket that the chief has been moved from the penal colony east of Moscow the place he has been serving time however he’s not advised the place he was taken. The Kremly says it has “no data.”
December 25, 2023 – Associates of Navalny say that he has been situated at a jail colony above the Arctic Circle practically three weeks after contact with him was misplaced.
December 26, 2023 – Navalny releases a sardonic assertion about his switch to a Arctic jail colony nicknamed the “Polar Wolf,” his first look since associates misplaced contact with him.
January 9, 2024 – Navalny says in social media that officers on the Arctic penal colony have remoted him in a tiny punishment cell over a minor infraction.
January 10, 2024 – A smiling and joking Navalny seems in court docket by way of video hyperlink from the Arctic penal colony, the primary time the Russian opposition chief has been proven on digicam since his switch to the distant jail.
February 1, 2024 – In a social media assertion, Navalny urges Russians to indicate their protest of President Vladimir Putin throughout subsequent month’s presidential balloting by voting at a particular time on election day.
February 15, 2024 – Navalny is final seen in public, when he appeared by way of video hyperlink in a court docket listening to. He jokingly requested the choose for a part of this “enormous wage.”
February 16, 2024 – Navalny dies, state media studies, citing the jail service of the area.
